Vivi Ringnes Berrefjord

Vivi Ringnes Berrefjord is a researcher in the Cyber Programme at the Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies and a PhD fellow in Political Science at the University of Oslo. Her doctoral project examines the potential of commercially sourced intelligence (CSINT). Her work focuses on digital surveillance in democracies, state actors use of spyware, insider recruitment, digital sovereignty, and military cyber strategy. 

She is the author of the book Cyber Power – An Interdisciplinary Introduction and has written several peer‑reviewed articles and book chapters. 

Vivi is an active public speaker and columnist for Digi and Teknisk Ukeblad. 

• Technology
• Security policies
• Statsvitenskap

• Geopolitics, cybersecurity and digitalization
• Security implications of technological innovation and trends
• International relations and information warfare